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Exam Syllabus

The complete syllabus topics included in the official Kerala PSC syllabus for this exam.

Fundamentals of Electricity

  • Voltage, current, resistance, energy, power-definitions and units
  • Ohm's law-statement, simple problems related to ohm's law, power and energy
  • Resistance in series and parallel-simple problems
  • Kirchhoff's laws-KCL and KVL

Electrostatics and Electromagnetism

  • Laws of electrostatics, permittivity, electric flux, flux density, potential, potential difference-equations and simple problems
  • Lightning phenomenon, potential gradient, dielectrical strength
  • Capacitors in series and parallel, energy stored in a capacitor
  • Coulomb's law, permeability, magnetic flux, flux density, reluctance, mmf
  • Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, Lenz's law
  • Self inductance, mutual inductance, energy stored in an inductor
  • Fleming's laws

Semiconductor Diodes

  • Energy band diagram of conductors, insulators, semiconductors, intrinsic & extrinsic semiconductors, doping, P&N type, majority & minority carriers
  • PN junction, drift & diffusion current, depletion layer, potential barrier
  • PN junction under forward & reverse bias, break down on diodes, Zener & avalanche breakdown
  • VI characteristic of PN junction diode, static and dynamic resistance
  • Different types of diodes – power, Zener, varactor and tunnel diodes - p-n junction diode
  • DC load line analysis
  • Half-wave rectifier, Full-wave rectifier, Bridge rectifier, Capacitor filter circuit
  • Zener diode- Regulator circuits

Transistors

  • CB Configuration
  • CE configuration
  • Current relation (Collector current in terms of base current & leakage current)
  • Input & output characteristics, determination of input & output resistance
  • CC configuration – expression of emitter current in terms of base current and leakage current
  • Comparison of CB, CE & CC
  • Current gain, voltage gain & leakage current

Transistor Biasing Techniques

  • DC load line – Fixing the operating point, Need for stabilization
  • Different biasing methods
  • Working of a single stage CE transistor amplifier

Field-Effect Transistors (FET)

  • JFET, P-channel and N-channel
  • FET- comparison with Bipolar Transistor-advantages and disadvantages
  • Parameters of JFET
  • MOSFET -types - depletion and enhancement modes

Special Semiconductor Devices

  • UJT, VI characteristics
  • SMD
  • Types of opto-electronic devices - photo resistors, photodiodes, phototransistors, photovoltaic cells, LEDs, LCDs, and Opto-couplers

Power Electronics (Device Specific)

  • UJT, FET, Principle and operation of JFET, Parameters of JFET
  • MOSFET, Depletion MOSFET, Enhancement MOSFET, Difference between JFET & MOSFET
  • SCR, diac, triac, UJT
  • Different commutation circuits
  • DC motor drives
  • LVDT
  • Induction heating, dielectric heating SCR

Integrated Circuit Technology

  • SMD, advantages

Power Supply Systems

  • Voltage regulations – Line Regulation – Load regulation
  • Shunt voltage regulator
  • Series voltage regulator
  • Fixed and Variable power supplies
  • Protection circuits – Current Limiting – Fold Back limiting
  • SMPS
  • UPS different type – Online and off line

Fundamentals of AC Systems

  • Generation of AC voltage, equation of voltage
  • Basic terms-amplitude, frequency, cycle, time period, average value, instantaneous value, rms value, form factor, peak factor- equations and related simple problems
  • AC through resistance, inductance and capacitance
  • Star and delta connections in 3 phase AC systems-line and phase relationship in star and delta systems

Safety, First Aid, Batteries and Solar Cell

  • Basic safety requirements, electric shock-requirement for avoiding shock, first aid
  • Installation, care and maintenance of batteries and solar cells
  • Determination of total number of cells required for a given power requirements

Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps)

  • Differential amplifier
  • Parameters of op-amp – virtual ground –Input offset voltage, input offset current, input bias current, output offset voltage, CMRR, slew rate
  • Characteristics of ideal and actual op-amp
  • Inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, voltage follower, comparator, difference amplifier, summing amplifier, integrators, differentiators
  • Zero crossing detector, positive and negative voltage level detector
  • Schmitt trigger, window detector
  • Logarithmic amplifier, antilog amplifier
  • Instrumentation amplifier

Data Converters (DAC and ADC)

  • R-2R ladder type D to A converter
  • Counter type, dual slope integration and successive approximation type ADCs
  • Flash ADC

Rectifiers and Filters

  • Half wave and full wave precision Rectifiers
  • Active filters –LPF, HPF, BPF filters

Oscillators (RC and Wien Bridge)

  • RC phase shift and Wien bridge oscillators

Multivibrators

  • Astable and Monostable Multivibrators
  • Triangular wave generator

Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)

  • PLL principle of operation, lock range, capture range
  • Applications of PLL
  • VCO -LM 566 Timer

IC 555 Timer

  • Working principle
  • Monostable and Astable multivibrators using IC 555

Oscillators (General)

  • Barkhausen criterion for oscillation
  • Working of RC oscillators – RC phase shift oscillator and Wien bridge oscillator
  • LC oscillators - Hartley and Colpitt's oscillators
  • Crystal oscillator

Multivibrators (Transistor Based)

  • Bistable multivibrator - synchronous and Asynchronous methods of triggering
  • Monostable multivibrator using transistors - triggering methods of monostable multivibrators
  • Operations of astable multivibrators using transistors

Schmitt Trigger Circuit

  • Operation of Schmitt trigger circuit- UTP and LTP

Wiring Systems and Accessories

  • Various wiring systems
  • Wires-single strand and multistrand, current ratings

Fuses

  • Cartridge and HRC

Switches

  • SPST, SPDT, TPTT, ICDP, ICTP, Toggle switch, Limit switch

Safety Devices

  • MCB, ELCB, RCCB
  • Electrical illumination

Earthing

  • Pipe and Plate earthing

Power Electronics (Rectifiers and Converters)

  • Half wave and full wave rectifiers with and without filters
  • UJT relaxation oscillator
  • FET, JFET, Triac, Diac, IGBT, SCR
  • Operation and maintenance of inverter
  • Regulated DC power supply, battery charger, UPS

Digital Number Systems

  • Decimal Number System, Binary Number System, Converting Decimal to Binary
  • Hexadecimal Number System: Converting Binary to Hexadecimal, Hexadecimal to Binary, Converting Hexadecimal to Decimal, Converting Decimal to Hexadecimal
  • Octal Numbers: Binary to Octal Conversion
  • Decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal systems, gray code, BCD code

Boolean Algebra and Logic Levels

  • Boolean algebra, Switching and Logic Levels
  • Boolean Algebra Theorems, De Morgan's theorem

Logic Gates

  • NOT Gate, AND Gate, OR Gate, XOR Gate, NAND Gate, NOR Gate, X-NOR Gate

Combinational Logic Circuits

  • Half adder, Full adder

Sequential Logic Circuits

  • Flip-Flops : RS Flip-Flop, Gated Flip-Flops, JS Flip Flops
  • Counters, shift registers

Microcontroller 8051 (Module 6)

  • Architecture, features, flag registers, general purpose registers

Logic Families

  • SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI and ULSI - positive and negative logic
  • TTL and Schottky TTL, TTL inverter
  • Emitter Coupled Logic
  • CMOS logic family, features of CMOS logic gates
  • VIL, VH, VOL, VOH, noise margin, noise immunity, propagation delay, current sourcing and current sinking, fan in, fan out, power dissipation

Semiconductor Memory

  • ROM and RAM - working of ROM- working of dynamic memory
  • Compare Static RAM, Dynamic RAM, Flash ROM and NVRAM
  • SD RAM and EDO RAM
  • Secondary memory
  • Optical memory
  • Magnetic bubble memory

DC Machines

  • DC generator- construction, working, classification, emf equation, wave and lap windings, characteristics, simple problems
  • DC motor- construction, working, types, emf equation, torque-simple problems, various starters, speed control, testing, MG set

AC Machines - Transformer

  • Construction, principle, types, emf equation, transformation ratio, losses and efficiency, all day efficiency-simple problems

AC Machines - Induction Motor

  • Three phase induction motor- principle, construction, types, slip, torque, losses, efficiency, power stages, speed control, three phase motor starters
  • Single phase induction motor

AC Machines - Alternators and Synchronous Motors

  • Alternators- construction, principle, emf equation, losses and efficiency
  • Three phase synchronous motor

AC Machines - FHP Motors

  • Universal motor
  • AC series motor
  • Servomotor
  • Stepper motor
  • Split phase motor

Television Systems

  • Luminance, chrominance, compatibility, additive and subtractive mixing of colours
  • Colour TV camera- working, Delta gun, Trinitron colour picture tubes
  • Basic Colour TV systems – NTSC, SECAM and PAL system - Advantages and disadvantages
  • PAL D-Coder- Frequency interleaving- PAL-D Colour TV Receiver
  • AFT-Colour encoder Colour killer - Colour controls
  • HDTV- Digital TV
  • NTSC, PAL, SECAM modes of transmission

Satellite and Cable TV Systems

  • Satellite TV receiving system – Antenna, LNA, LNB, FEC
  • Digital satellite receiver
  • CCTV, MATV, CATV systems

Video Recording

  • VHS and U-matic formats, VCD, DVD, MPEG

Communication Systems - Basics

  • EM waves, propagation of EM waves

Communication Systems - Modulation and Detection

  • Amplitude Modulation, Frequency Modulation, Phase modulation
  • AM Detection, FM detection
  • Super heterodyne receiver system, bandwidth requirements

Communication Systems - Digital Modulation

  • PAM, PCM
  • ASK, FSK, BPSK, QPSK, Offset PSK, BFSK, MSK

Communication Systems - Noise

  • Noise in communication systems, different types of noise, signal to noise ratio, methods to improve signal to noise ratio

Antenna Theory and Types

  • Physical concepts of radiation of electromagnetic energy and radiation pattern
  • Point source, gain, power gain, directivity, aperture, effective area, radiation pattern, beam width, radiation angle, radiation resistance
  • Types of Antennas -Half wave dipole, folded dipole, Yagi-Uda antenna, Marconi antenna, rhombic antenna, parabolic antenna
  • Antenna arrays – End fire array and broadside antenna

Measurements and Measuring Instruments (Electrical)

  • Various types of electrical measuring instruments- voltmeter, ammeter, energy meter, wattmeter, single phase and three phase power measurement
  • Measurement of resistance, inductance and capacitance
  • Power factor meter, synchroscope, TOD meter, CRO, insulation megger and earth megger, multimeter, CT and PT

Electronic Measuring Instruments

  • Analog, digital meters
  • Whetstone's bridge, Q meter
  • CRO, signal generator
  • Recorders, analogue and digital meters
  • Data acquisition systems

Microcontroller 8051 (Module 10)

  • Features – Architecture of 8051
  • Memory organization – Program memory – Data memory
  • Internal RAM structure – B register, Accumulator, Register Banks – Bit addressable area – Special Function registers – Program Status Word – Flags
  • Architecture of Ports, Timer / Counter – Different modes
  • Serial communication port – different modes – SBUF
  • Interrupts
  • External ROM and RAM interfacing
  • Addressing Modes

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